英语中表示“患病”的说法很多,因此“患”字也就有许多译法。一般常用的译法有:have, suffer from, be ill with, be sick with, get, contract。下面就以上几种译法分别作一简单介绍。
一、have
have是表达“患病”概念最常用的译法之一,也是最通俗的说法,多用于口语中。例如:
1. According to your history, physical examination and laboratory tests,you have an acute pancreatitis.
根据你的病史、体检和实验室化验,你患的是急性胰腺炎。
2. As I remember, my brother and sister both had severe asthmatic attacks in their childhood.
我记得,我弟弟和妹妹童年时都患过严重的哮喘病。
二、suffer from
suffer from也常用来表示“患病”的概念,特别在医生与病人的交谈中用得比较多,通常多用于进行时态。例如:
3. It shows he's most likely suffering from infection mononucleosis.
这说明,他很可能患了传染性单核细胞增多症。
4. She was suffering from heart disease and would feel faint at the slightest physical exertion.
她患有心脏病,稍一做体力活就感到头晕。
当然,suffer from也可用于其他时态。例如:
5. His maternal uncles have suffered from migraines for a number of years.
他的舅舅们患偏头痛有好多年了。
三、(be) ill with
一般多用于英国英语。例如:
6. The patient is ill with influenza.
病人患流行性感冒。
7. Patients ill with chronic bronchitis are advised to give up smoking and do a lot of exercise to build up their health.
应劝告慢性支气管炎患者戒烟并多锻炼以增进健康。
注:有时我们也见到用il of代替illwith表示“患病”之意,但在现代英语中已比较少用了。
四、(be) sick with
多用于美国英语中,与 be ill with同义,二者常可替换使用。但sick with 不能改为 sick of。例如:
8. The patient on the left is sick with gall-stones.
左边那个病人患胆石病。
9. The doctor told me that I was sick(ill) with hypertension.
医生说我患有高血压症。
五、contract
contract表示“患病”时是较正式的用语,常用于书面语中。例如:
10. The patient may contract acute bacterial peritonitis, in which case a surgical intervention should be considered.
该病人可能患有急性细菌性腹膜炎,在此情况下就得考虑手术处理。
11. One person may contract a disease while another person who was exposed to the same illness at the same time may not get it.
一个人可能得某种疾病,而另一个人在同一时间接触同一疾病却可能不得此病。
六、get
get是一个意义非常广泛的词,也常可用来表达“患病”的概念。
例如:
12. His father got hepatitis three months ago.
他父亲三个月以前患过肝炎。
13. He received seven injections of streptomycin when he got pneumonia two years ago.
两年前他因患肺炎注射过七针链霉素。
除上面介绍的几种常见的表示“患病”的译法以外,还有一些说法,我们也时常碰到。如:betroubled with, fall ill (sick), get (become) ill等。这些说法在表示“患病”概念时,意思基本相同。
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